Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. In this article, we will explore the definition of OCD as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and provide examples to help distinguish it from normal everyday behaviors.
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
“Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (“obsessions”) and/or behaviors (“compulsions”) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.”
Obsessions are intrusive and persistent thoughts, images, or urges that are uncontrollable and unwanted. These thoughts often create anxiety or distress in individuals with OCD.
Compulsions, on the other hand, are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to obsessions. These actions are aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared outcome.
How is OCD different from everyday behaviors?
Everyone experiences occasional intrusive thoughts or engages in repetitive behaviors to some degree.
However, in OCD, these thoughts and behaviors become excessive, time-consuming, and significantly interfere with a person’s life.
For example, we often come across the phrases such as “I’m so OCD about cleaning” or “She has a cleaning OCD” are commonly used in everyday language, often to describe someone who is meticulous or has a preference for cleanliness.
While it is common, individuals with OCD engage in excessive cleaning rituals. For instance, they may spend hours cleaning a single item or repeatedly cleaning already clean surfaces due to an irrational fear of contamination.
Double-checking things like whether you locked the door or turned off the lights is a normal behavior. However, in OCD, checking behaviors become relentless and time-consuming. For example, an individual might repeatedly check if the door is locked, even though they saw themselves locking it just moments ago.
Also, engaging in repetitive behaviors such as tapping a pen or biting nails can be quite normal. But in OCD, these rituals become rigid and serve as a means to reduce anxiety or prevent harm. For example, an individual might have to perform a specific set of actions a certain number of times to prevent a perceived catastrophe.
What can we do about it?
Instead of saying “I’m so OCD about cleaning,” try using phrases like “I prefer things to be clean and organized” or “I like maintaining a tidy environment.” This acknowledges personal preferences without trivializing OCD.
When you hear someone casually using OCD phrases, kindly share accurate information about the disorder. Explain that OCD is a complex mental health condition and that using the term casually can perpetuate misconceptions and stigma.
Foster empathy by listening to individuals who have OCD and validating their experiences. Offer support and understanding, and encourage them to seek professional help if needed.
Understanding the distinction between OCD and everyday behaviors is crucial because it helps promote empathy and support for individuals living with OCD, reduces stigma surrounding the condition, and encourages early recognition and intervention.So, if you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of OCD, it is essential to seek professional help from a mental health provider for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.